Year : 2019

Volume : Volume 10

Issue : Issue 4

Address for correspondence :
Dr. Preeti Rajput.
preet119r@gmail.com

Abstract

Background:  Bone Morphogenetic Proteins are multifunctional cytokines which are members of the TGF-β superfamily; a large family of growth factors. This review is aimed at describing the history, family, structure, functions and applications of bone morphogenetic proteins.  Materials and Methods: The application and importance of bone morphogenetic protein in humans were discussed through the literature survey. Results: Bone morphogenetic protein is a water-soluble relatively low–molecular weight protein that diffuses very easily in the body fluids. They constitute a large multigene family whose members are related to each other by relative degrees of sequence similarity, but that possess a wide ranging number of biological functions. They have been observed in nearly all developing visceral and somatic organs, i.e. brain and sympathetic neurons, heart, liver, lung, skin, hair follicles, craniofacial structures, branchial arches, placenta, and skeletal elements. Conclusion: Discovered a long time ago, BMPs are currently produced through genetic engineering, allowing for studies on their role in development and cell metabolism, particularly through transgenic cells and animals. The BMP guides modulation and differentiation of mesenchymal cells of muscle into bone & bone marrow cells. Although the existing systematic review and meta-analysis support some therapeutic applications, adverse effects of their clinical use have been reported, and several important questions remain to be addressed.

Keywords: Bone Morphogenetic Protein, Transforming Growth Factor, Growth Differentiation Factor, Cytokines, Mesenchymal, Osteogenesis.