Journal of Research and Advancement in Dentistry
Official publication of Magadh University and Kolhan University, Government of Bihar and Jharkhand, India
Official publication of Magadh University and Kolhan University, Government of Bihar and Jharkhand, India
Year : 2024
Volume : Volume 16
Issue : Issue 2
Address for correspondence :
Dr. Jyoti Kumari
drjyotikumari0807@gmail.com
Background: Oral candidiasis, a common opportunistic fungal infection caused by Candida species, frequently affects individuals with altered immune function. Pregnancy is associated with physiological changes that may predispose women to candidiasis, but the comparative risk between pregnant and non-pregnant women remains underexplored. This study aims to assess and compare the prevalence and risk factors of oral candidiasis in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 women, aged 18–35, were recruited for this cross-sectional study. The sample included 100 pregnant women in their second trimester and 100 non-pregnant women attending routine dental check-ups. Clinical examination and oral swabs were used to confirm the presence of Candida species, whereas demographic data and potential risk factors (e.g., dietary habits, oral hygiene practices, and hormonal profiles) were recorded. Colony-forming units (CFUs) per milliliter were measured to quantify Candida levels, with values above 104 CFU/mL considered indicative of candidiasis. Data analysis was conducted using Chi-square and t-tests, with significance set at P < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of oral candidiasis was significantly higher among pregnant women (45%) compared to non-pregnant women (25%) (P = 0.02). Mean CFU levels were also elevated in the pregnant group (mean CFU = 15,000/mL) compared to the non-pregnant group (mean CFU = 8,000/mL). Risk factors such as altered oral hygiene and increased carbohydrate intake were more prevalent among pregnant participants, contributing to a higher susceptibility. Conclusion: Pregnant women exhibit a significantly higher risk of developing oral candidiasis compared to their non-pregnant counterparts, potentially due to hormonal fluctuations and lifestyle changes. Preventive dental care and regular screenings are recommended for pregnant women to mitigate risks associated with candidiasis.
